Casein protein powder is simply the dehydrated, supplemental form of casein. Caseins are phosphorus-containing proteins and make up 80 percent of the protein in cow's milk the other 20 percent of protein is made up of whey proteins (casein is the "curds" in "curds and whey", think cottage cheese). While whey protein digests quickly casein protein digest slowly which makes them ideal to take just before bed, back up with some Whey protein during the day just after you work out for maximum effect